Understanding Arthritis in Cats 

Understanding Arthritis in Cats (It’s More Common Than You Think)

When most people think of arthritis, they picture older dogs limping around. But here’s the surprising truth: arthritis is incredibly common in cats—and often goes unnoticed.

  • More than 90% of cats over 12 years old have signs of arthritis on x-rays.
  • Even 60% of cats over 6 years old are affected.
  • Around 40% of cats are thought to experience arthritis-related pain.

That means arthritis isn’t just a “senior cat problem.” It can affect middle-aged cats too.

Why Arthritis Matters

Arthritis isn’t just about stiff or sore joints. Over time, changes in the way nerves process pain can make things even worse. Movements that shouldn’t hurt—like hopping off the couch—become painful. Cats may have “good days and bad days,” but without treatment, arthritis tends to progress and pain gets harder to manage. The earlier you notice and act, the better your cat’s chance of staying comfortable and mobile.

Why Do Cats Get Arthritis?

Unlike dogs, cats often develop arthritis without an obvious cause. Age, everyday wear and tear, and even immune system changes can play a role. Some breeds are more prone, too:

  • Scottish Folds are at risk due to a cartilage disorder.
  • Maine Coons can develop hip dysplasia, which may lead to arthritis.
  • Trauma or joint issues like patellar luxation can also contribute.

How to Spot the Signs

Cats are experts at hiding pain. In the wild, showing weakness could make them vulnerable, so even at home, they’ll try to mask discomfort. Instead of limping, arthritis usually shows up in subtle ways:

  • Not jumping to favorite perches anymore.
  • Grooming less, leaving mats or greasy fur.
  • Playing less or hiding more.
  • Hesitating on stairs or avoiding them altogether.

It’s easy to chalk these changes up to “just getting older,” but often they’re signs of arthritis pain.

Working With Your Veterinarian

Since the signs are subtle, teamwork with your vet is key. Be ready to share what you’ve noticed about:

  • Mobility changes (stairs, jumping).
  • Grooming habits.
  • Litter box use.
  • Appetite and behavior.

Your vet will do a thorough exam, and may suggest x-rays. But keep in mind:

  • Arthritis can be present before it shows up clearly on x-rays.
  • X-rays can show arthritis even if your cat isn’t showing pain.

That’s why vets usually combine your observations, their exam, and sometimes a “pain trial” (trying arthritis medication to see if your cat improves) to make the diagnosis.

The Bottom Line

Arthritis is common, painful, and often overlooked in cats. But with early recognition and a solid care plan, you can help your cat stay active, comfortable, and happy for many years to come.

References

  • Hardie EM, Roe SC, Martin FR. Radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease in geriatric cats: 100 cases (1994–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;220(5):628-632.
  • Slingerland LI, et al. Cross-sectional study of the prevalence and clinical features of osteoarthritis in 100 cats. Vet J 187:304-309, 2011.
  • Enomoto M, et al. Anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibodies for the control of pain in dogs and cats. Vet Record 2018. doi: 10.1136/vr.104590
  • Loder, R.T. and Todhunter, R.J. (2018) Demographics of hip dysplasia in the Maine Coon cat. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 20 (4): 302–307. doi:10.1177/1098612×17705554.
  • Lascelles BDX, et al. Relationship of orthopedic examination, goniometric measurements, and radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease in cats. BMC Vet Res 2012, 8:10.
  • Freire M,  et al.  Radiographic evaluation of feline appendicular degenerative joint disease vs. macroscopic appearance of articular cartilage.  Vet Rad Ultrasound 52(3):239-247, 2011.

Simple Home Adjustments to Help Cats With Arthritis

Simple Home Adjustments to Help Cats With Arthritis

Did you know that about 40% of cats show signs of arthritis, and more than 90% of cats over age 12 have arthritis changes visible on x-rays? Arthritis in cats can be tricky to spot, but the good news is there are lots of simple ways you can make life easier and more comfortable for your feline friend at home.

Here are some easy, practical modifications and enrichment ideas that can make a big difference for your cat with arthritis.

1. Toys That Encourage Gentle Play

Kicker toys are a great way to let your cat act on their natural hunting instincts while also keeping their back legs strong. These long, soft toys let your cat grab on with their front paws and “bunny kick” with their back legs. Try different types—plush, crinkly, catnip-filled—to see which your cat enjoys most.

2. Scratchers That Are Easy to Use

Scratching isn’t just about nails—it keeps your cat’s front legs strong and flexible. For cats with arthritis, horizontal scratchers or low wall-mounted ones are often easier than tall vertical posts.

3. The Comfort of a Cardboard Box

Boxes are still a favorite, even for senior cats. To make them arthritis-friendly, simply turn the box on its side or cut a low entry hole so your cat doesn’t have to climb over high edges. Instant, cozy den!

4. Litter Box Upgrades

If your cat is having accidents outside the litter box, it may be because getting in and out has become painful. Try:

  • A box with at least one low side for easy entry.
  • Placing boxes on every level of your home so stairs aren’t a barrier.
  • Using a larger box if your cat struggles to posture comfortably.

5. Softer Surfaces = Easier Movement

Slippery floors can be intimidating for arthritic cats. Add rugs, yoga mats, or runners to help them move confidently.

Also, keep nails trimmed. Overgrown nails can make walking harder and even cause pain if they curl into paw pads.

6. Keep Essentials Within Reach

If stairs are a challenge, keep food, water, litter, and favorite beds or toys all on the same level. This reduces daily strain and makes your cat’s world easier to navigate.

7. Help Them Reach Their Favorite Spots

Cats love being up high, but jumping may no longer be an option. Provide ramps or pet steps to help them get to favorite windowsills, sofas, or beds. Adding a soft or heated bed makes these spots even more inviting.

8. Make Mealtime More Comfortable

Eating from bowls on the floor can strain sore joints. Raised food and water dishes bring meals up to a comfortable height and make feeding time more enjoyable.

Explore CARE Recommendations

We’ve gathered a curated list of products designed to help manage and care for your cat if you suspect, or have been given a diagnosis of OA. Be sure to always consult your vet and let them know everything you’ve taken note of. In the meantime, explore our suggested products on our CARE Shop page!

Final Thought

These small changes can make a big difference in your cat’s daily comfort, mobility, and happiness. With a little extra support, your cat can stay active, cozy, and content well into their golden years.  Monique Koll, DVM, CCRP, CVPP: Certified Cat Friendly Veterinarian by the Feline Veterinary Medical Association

References

  • For Cat Owners | Indoor Pet Initiative
  • How to Make Your Arthritic Cat More Comfortable | Zoetis Petcare
  • Slingerland LI, Hazewinkel HA, Meij BP, Picavet P, Voorhout G. Cross-sectional study of the prevalence and clinical features of osteoarthritis in 100 cats. Vet J. 2011 Mar;187(3):304-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.12.014. Epub 2010 Jan 18. PMID: 20083417.
  • Enomoto M, Lascelles BDX, Gruen ME. Development of a checklist for the detection of degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2020 Dec;22(12):1137-1147. doi: 10.1177/1098612X20907424. Epub 2020 Mar 3. PMID: 32122226; PMCID: PMC7736399.

 

Pain Relief for Cats with Arthritis

What Are the Options?

Chronic pain in cats is more than just discomfort—it’s a serious quality-of-life issue. Arthritis is one of the most common causes of pain in older cats, and it can affect everything from walking and grooming to mood and sleep.

The good news? There are now more safe and effective pain relief options for cats than ever before. Here’s an overview of what you and your veterinarian might consider.

Solensia® (frunevetmab)

  • What it is: The first and only FDA-approved medication for arthritis pain in cats.
  • How it works: Blocks a protein called nerve growth factor (NGF), which plays a big role in chronic pain.
  • How it’s given: A monthly injection at your vet’s office.
  • What to expect: Many cats show improved activity and comfort. Possible side effects include mild vomiting, itching, or scabbing at the injection site.

NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

  • What they do: Reduce inflammation and joint pain.
  • Examples: Meloxicam (Metacam®), Robenacoxib (Onsior®).
  • Availability: Approved for long-term use in some countries, but not in the U.S. (your vet may use them off-label).
  • Safety tips: Long-term use requires regular monitoring with blood work, and cats must stay well hydrated to avoid kidney stress.

Oral Pain Medications

Used off-label but sometimes helpful for feline arthritis:

  • Gabapentin: Targets nerve pain; can also reduce anxiety. (May cause sleepiness.)
  • Amantadine: Helps with “pain sensitization” and may improve quality of life.
  • Tramadol: Occasionally used, but many cats dislike the taste and may experience stomach upset.

Nutrition and Supplements

  • Omega-3 fatty acids: Shown to help reduce inflammation; available in special diets or high-quality supplements.
  • Adequan® injections: Support joint health and may slow arthritis progression (not officially approved for cats but used by many vets).
  • What to avoid: Glucosamine and chondroitin—studies show they don’t work in cats. Always check with your vet before trying alternative options like CBD.

Beyond Medication

Managing pain also means supporting your cat’s environment and emotional well-being:

  • Provide soft bedding, ramps, and easy access to food, water, and litter.
  • Keep routines predictable to reduce stress.
  • If vet visits are stressful, ask about calming pre-visit medications (like gabapentin or Bonqat) to make the experience easier.

The Bottom Line

Pain is not a normal part of aging. If your cat is slowing down, skipping favorite perches, or grooming less, it may be arthritis pain—not “just getting older.” With today’s treatment options, you and your veterinarian can create a plan that helps your cat stay more comfortable, mobile, and happy for years to come.

Feline Arthritis Management Tips

A Whole-Cat Approach to Care

Helping a cat with arthritis isn’t just about giving a pill and hoping for the best. Arthritis care works best when you take a whole-cat approach—supporting their pain relief, environment, diet, mobility, and overall well-being. Because cats hide pain so well (and their treatment options are different from dogs), it’s important to build a thoughtful, customized plan with your veterinarian.

At CARE, we think of arthritis management through four main pillars:

  • Pain Management
  • Nutrition & Weight Control
  • Lifestyle & Environment
  • Rehabilitation & Extra Support

Not every cat will need every option, but knowing what’s available helps you and your vet create the best plan for your cat.

1. Pain Management

Pain relief is the foundation of arthritis care. Your vet may recommend:

  • Monthly injections like Solensia®, which block certain pain pathways.
  • NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) such as Onsior®, used carefully under veterinary supervision.
  • Other medications (like gabapentin or amantadine) for extra support.
  • Injections into the joint (less common in cats, but an option).
  • Surgery in severe cases, such as hip replacements or corrective procedures.

2. Nutrition and Weight Control

Carrying extra weight puts more strain on sore joints. Helping your cat reach and maintain a healthy weight is one of the most powerful things you can do. Ask your vet about:

  • Safe weight loss plans using portion control and prescription diets.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids (like fish oil or green-lipped mussel), which can reduce inflammation and improve mobility. Always choose high-quality products tested for safety and purity.
  • Supplements to skip: Research shows glucosamine and chondroitin don’t help cats.

3. Lifestyle and Environment

Small home adjustments can make a big difference:

  • Add ramps or pet steps so your cat can reach favorite perches.
  • Use soft, orthopedic bedding for sore joints.
  • Place food, water, and litter boxes where your cat can reach them easily—ideally one on each floor of your home.
  • Choose low-entry litter boxes that are big enough for your cat to move comfortably (about 1.5× their length).

4. Gentle Exercise and Enrichment

Cats with arthritis still benefit from movement—it keeps muscles strong and joints flexible. Aim for short, gentle play sessions that mimic natural hunting behavior: stalking, pouncing, hiding. Think “sprinter,” not marathon runner.

Try interactive toys, puzzle feeders, or simple enrichment like cardboard boxes and tunnels.

5. Rehabilitation and Acupuncture

Though more commonly used in dogs, some rehab therapies can also help cats:

  • Laser therapy (done in a vet clinic).
  • Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (like the Assisi Loop®, which can be used at home).
  • Massage or gentle stretching when your cat tolerates it.
  • Acupuncture, when performed by a vet experienced with cats.

6. Other Options

  • Adequan® injections may help slow joint damage. These are given under the skin by a vet.
  • In some cases, surgery is the best way to relieve pain and restore comfort.

The Bottom Line

Arthritis is common, but it doesn’t have to mean the end of your cat’s active, happy life. With a whole-cat care plan—combining pain control, weight management, home adjustments, and gentle exercise—you can keep your cat comfortable and thriving for years to come.

Is Your Cat in Pain?

Signs of Arthritis You Shouldn’t Ignore

Cats are mysterious, independent, and very good at hiding pain. That’s why arthritis in cats is often missed until it’s advanced. Limping—what many people expect—is actually not common in cats. Instead, arthritis tends to show up in small changes to your cat’s behavior, mobility, and personality.

Everyday Clues That Point to Pain

  • Hesitation before jumping – “false starts” or long pauses as if they’re debating whether to make the leap.
  • New jump strategies – climbing down furniture legs, using an extra surface (like the toilet seat) as a step, or avoiding high spots altogether.
  • Stairs become harder – moving slowly, hopping with both back legs, or stopping halfway to rest.
  • Less play and running – cats are natural sprinters, but arthritic cats may give up their energetic bursts.
  • Awkward movement – walking gingerly, stiffly, or with a hunched posture, rather than a smooth stride.
  • Changes in mood – hiding more, acting irritable, or avoiding family interaction.
  • Decline in grooming – a greasy or matted coat, especially on the back or hips, because reaching hurts.
  • Litter box struggles – accidents, avoiding the box, or trouble posturing inside.
  • Changes in appetite – arthritis is a disease, and like other illnesses, it can affect appetite.

Why These Signs Matter

Cats don’t stop climbing the bookcase or perching in sunny spots “just because.” If your cat is giving up things they used to love, it may be because those activities have become painful. These changes often creep in slowly, which makes them easy to mistake for “normal aging.”

How to Track What You See

One of the best tools you can give your vet is short home videos of your cat moving around. A 10–30 second clip of them:

  • Going up and down stairs
  • Jumping onto or off furniture
  • Running or playing

Over time, these videos create a record of subtle changes that may not show up in a quick exam at the clinic. Here are some examples of this. 

When to Call the Vet

If your cat is showing any of these signs, don’t wait. Early diagnosis and treatment can keep your cat comfortable, mobile, and happy for many more years. Share your observations and videos with your veterinarian—they’ll help guide the right plan for your cat.

References

  • Zamprogno H, Hansen BD, Bondell HD, et al. Item generation and design testing of a questionnaire to assess degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats. Am J Vet Res. 2010;71(12):1417-1424.
  • Enomoto M, Lascelles BD, Gruen ME. Development of a checklist for the detection of degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats. J Feline Med Surg, 2020; 22(12), 1137-1147.

Frequent Feasts of Tiny Eats

Enrichment Feeding

Did you know that over half of cats in the U.S. are overweight? Carrying extra pounds doesn’t just make cats less active—it also increases the risk of painful arthritis, diabetes, urinary problems, and other costly health issues.

The good news? Feeding your cat in ways that mimic their natural hunting style can help manage weight, improve mobility, and keep their minds sharp.

Why “Little Meals” Matter

In the wild, cats spend hours each day hunting—catching many small meals instead of eating one or two big ones. But when we serve food in a bowl, that natural behavior disappears. The result? Boredom, overeating, and sometimes problem behaviors like scratching, chewing, or aggression.

By offering 4–6 small meals a day, you can better match your cat’s natural rhythm, prevent overeating, and make mealtime more engaging.

How to Make Feeding Enriching (and Easy)

You don’t need hours of extra time—or fancy gadgets. Just a little creativity goes a long way! Here are some simple ideas:

Puzzle Toys

  • Store-bought options: 
    • Balls that release kibble when rolled, or mazes and cups that make your cat work for their food.

  • DIY options:
    • Toilet paper rolls in a shoebox with kibble dropped inside.
    • Ice cube trays or egg cartons filled with food (cover with crumpled paper for extra fun).
    • Hollow toys stuffed with wet food (freeze them to make it last longer).

Treasure Hunt

Hide small amounts of food around the house. Switching up locations keeps cats curious and encourages gentle movement.

Add Some Challenge

Place puzzle toys inside a paper bag or under light obstacles so your cat has to problem-solve to reach their “prey.”

The Benefits Go Beyond the Bowl

  • Helps control weight and reduce arthritis pain.
  • Provides mental stimulation to prevent boredom.
  • Strengthens the bond between you and your cat.
  • Brings out their natural hunting instincts in a safe, healthy way.

Final Thought

Mealtime doesn’t have to be boring—or unhealthy. With a few small changes, you can turn feeding into an activity that supports your cat’s body, brain, and happiness.

Monique Koll, DVM, CCRP, CVPP

Certified Cat Friendly Veterinarian by the Feline Veterinary Medical Association

References